ANNEX II
Humanitarian Negotiations with Armed
Groups
Additional Resources (CD-Rom)
Bibliography with Links to
Documents
Humanitarian Principles and Policy Documents
Humanitarian Principles Documents
[1]
International
Committee of the Red Cross. The Code of Conduct for the International
Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and NGOs in Disaster Relief.
http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/57JMNB?OpenDocument
[2]
United
Nations. Humanitarian Assistance in Liberia: Principles and Protocols for
Operation. United Nations, 1995.
http://coe-dmha.org/Unicef/HPT_Session8Handout8_3.htm
[3]
The United Nations Economic and Social Council. Commission on
Human Rights. Promotion and Protection of Human Rights. Fundamental
Standards of Humanity. Report of the Secretary-General submitted pursuant
to Commission on Human Rights decision 2001/112. E/CN.4/2002/103. 20 December
2001.
http://www.unhchr.ch/Huridocda/Huridoca.nsf/(Symbol)/E.CN.4.2002.103.En?Opendocument
[4]
Office
of the United Nations Security Coordinator (UNSECOORD). Memo on Generic
Principles of Engagement. 26 February 1999.
[5]
United
Nations General Assembly. Strengthening
of the Coordination of Humanitarian Emergency Assistance of the United Nations.
A/RES/46/182. 78th Plenary Meeting. 19 December 1991.
http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/46/a46r182.htm
[6]
United
Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). Guidance
for the Development of Common UN Ground Rules Based on Agreed Principles.
New York: OCHA, 1998.
http://new.reliefweb.int/rw/lib.nsf/db900SID/LGEL-5ETDA3/$FILE/iasc-stress-nov98.pdf?OpenElement
Humanitarian Policy Documents
-General/Overview
[7]
United
Nations Economic and Social Council. Strengthening of the Coordination of
Humanitarian Emergency Assistance of the United Nations. General Assembly.
58th Session. A/58/89-E/2003/85. 3 June 2003.
http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/08e78928fd8df27f85256d57004d852d?OpenDocument
[8]
United
Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). Report
of the Recommendations and Way Forward. From: OCHA Great Lakes, Fourth
Regional Workshop, Kampala. 18-20 July 2000.
-Humanitarian-Military
Relations
[9]
Studer,
Meinrad. The ICRC and Civil-Military Relations in Armed Conflict. IRRC
Vol. 83 No. 842 (June 2001) : 367-392.
http://www.icrc.org/WEBGRAPH.NSF/Graphics/367-392_Studer.pdf/$FILE/367-392_Studer.pdf
[10]
Zahar,
Marie-Joelle. Civil-Militia Relations: Challenges and Opportunities for
Humanitarian Assistance and Protection. Report prepared for the United
Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. n.d.
-Refugees and Internally
Displaced Persons
[11]
Inter-Agency
Standing Committee. Implementing the Collaborative Response to Situations of
Internal Displacement. Guidance for UN Humanitarian and/or Resident
Coordinators and Country Teams.
Geneva: Inter-Agency Standing Committee, September 2004.
http://new.reliefweb.int/rw/lib.nsf/db900SID/LHON-68TERC?OpenDocument
[12]
Inter-Agency
Standing Committee. Protection of Internally Displaced Persons.
Inter-Agency Standing Committee Policy Paper. Geneva/New York: IASC, December
1999.
-Protection Issues
[13]
InterAction
Protection Working Group. Making Protection a Priority. Integrating
Protection and Humanitarian Assistance.
InterAction, April 2004.
http://www.interaction.org/protection
[14]
International
Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS). The Responsibility
to Protect. Ottowa, Canada: ICISS, December 2001.
[15]
United
Nations Security Council. Report of the Secretary-General to the Security Council
on the Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict. UN Document Ref.
S/2001/331. New York: United Nations, 30 March 2001.
http://www.un.org/Docs/journal/asp/ws.asp?m=S/2000/331
[16]
Inter-Agency
Standing Committee. Implementing the Collaborative Response to Situations of
Internal Displacement. Guidance for UN Humanitarian and/or Resident
Coordinators and Country Teams.
Geneva: Inter-Agency Standing Committee, September 2004.
http://new.reliefweb.int/rw/lib.nsf/db900SID/LHON-68TERC?OpenDocument
(Annex
3)
-Landmines
[17]
PSIO
Program for the Study of International Organizations. Press-release.
Anti-personnel Mines: Unique Armed
Groups Meeting in Geneva. n.d.
[18]
Sjöberg,
Anki. The Involvement of Armed Non-State Actors in the Landmine Problem: A
Call for Action - Executive Summary. Prepared for the Nairobi Summit on a
Mine Free World Nairobi, Kenya, 29 November - 3 December 2004. Geneva: Geneva
Call, 2004.
-Additional Internet Resources
[19] Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC)
http://humanitarianinfo.org/iasc/
[20] Relief Web
http://reliefweb.int/rw/dbc.nsf/doc100?OpenForm
The Role of Armed Groups in Security Situations
[21]
Bruderlein,
Claude. The Role of Non-State Actors in Building Human Security: The Case of
Armed Groups in Intra-State Wars. Geneva: Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue,
May 2000.
http://www.hdcentre.org/datastore/files/nsa.pdf
[22]
Centre
for Humanitarian Dialogue (CHD). Humanitarian Engagement with Armed Groups:
The Central Asian Islamic Opposition Groups. CHD Case Study Volume 1 No. 1.
Geneva: Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue, February 2003.
http://www.hdcentre.org/datastore/files/Asianmovements.pdf
[23]
Sjöberg,
Anki. The Involvement of Armed Non-State Actors in the Landmine Problem: A
Call for Action - Executive Summary. Prepared for the Nairobi Summit on a
Mine Free World Nairobi, Kenya, 29 November - 3 December 2004. Geneva: Geneva
Call, 2004.
International Law Relevant to Armed Groups
[24]
Andreopoulos,
George J. "The International Legal Framework and Armed Groups" (Draft
paper presented at the Conference on Curbing Human Rights Violations by
Non-State Armed Groups, University of British Columbia, November 13-15,
2003)
http://www.armedgroups.org/Panels/andreopoulos.htm
[25]
Henckaerts,
Jean-Marie and Louise Doswald-Beck, Eds. Customary International
Humanitarian Law [Volumes I & II]. International Committee of the Red
Cross. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
[26]
Henckaerts,
Jean-Marie. Study on Customary International Humanitarian Law: A
Contribution to the Understanding and Respect for the Rule of Law in Armed
Conflict. International Review of the Red Cross 87 No. 857 (March 2005).
[27]
International
Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). Improving Compliance with International
Humanitarian Law---ICRC Expert Seminars. Geneva: ICRC, October 2003.
[28]
Mack,
Michelle. Compliance with International Humanitarian Law by Non-State Actors
in Non-International Armed Conflicts. Working Paper of the International
Humanitarian Law Research Initiative (IHLRI). Cambridge, MA: Program on
Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research at Harvard University, November 2003.
[29]
Sassoli,
Marco. Possible Legal Mechanisms to Improve Compliance by Armed Groups with
International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law.
Vancouver: Armed Groups Conference, 13-15 November 2003.
[30]
Sriram,
Chandra Lekha. Achieving Accountability for Non-state Armed Groups---Use of
Domestic Mechanisms for International Crimes. For Pablo Policzer and David
Capie, Armed Groups Project, UBC. n.d.
http://www.armedgroups.org/images/stories/pdfs/sriram_paper.pdf
[31]
United Nations Economic and Social Council, Commission on Human
Rights. Promotion and Protection of Human Rights: Fundamental Standards of
Humanity. (Report of the Secretary-General submitted pursuant to Commission
resolution 2000/69). UN Document ref. E/CN.4/2001/91. 12 January 2001.
http://www.unhchr.ch/Huridocda/Huridoca.nsf/(Symbol)/E.CN.4.2001.91.En?Opendocument
Additional Internet Resources
[32] International Committee of the Red Cross
(ICRC) – Geneva Conventions on War
http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/genevaconventions
[33] International Criminal Court (ICC) – Rome Statute
of the International Criminal Court
http://www.icc-cpi.int/about.html
[34] UNICEF – Convention on the Rights of the
Child
http://www.unicef.org/voy/explore/rights/explore_157.html
[35] United Nations (UN) – Universal Declaration
of Human Rights
http://www.un.org/Overview/rights.html
Negotiation Documents
Negotiations in General
[36]
Avruch,
Kevin. "Culture as Context, Culture as Communication: Considerations for
Humanitarian Negotiators." Harvard Negotiation Law Review (Spring
2004).
[37]
Centre
for Humanitarian Dialogue (CHD). Humanitarian Engagement with Armed Groups:
Colombian Paramilitary. Geneva: Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue, October
2002.
[38]
Centre
for Humanitarian Dialogue (CHD). “Humanitarian Engagement with Armed Groups.”
[Draft document for consultation, produced by Claudine Haenni Dale]. Geneva:
Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue, April 2002.
[39]
Conciliation
Resources. Engaging Armed Groups in Peace Processes. Joint analysis
workshop report. Sundridge Park, London: Conciliation Resources’ Accord Programme,
19-22 July 2004.
http://www.c-r.org/accord/ansa/index.shtml
[40]
Cutts,
Mark. "Negotiating with Warring Parties." Refugees Survey
Quarterly. 18 No. 3 (1999).
[41]
Fisher,
Roger et al. Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In.
Second Ed. New York: Penguin Books, 1991.
[42]
Glaser,
Max P. “Negotiated Access: Humanitarian Engagement with Armed Non-state
Actors.” Cambridge, MA: Carr Center for Human Rights Policy, Kennedy School of
Government, Harvard University, 2003.
[43]
Hansen,
Greg. “Operational Interaction Between UN Humanitarian Agencies and Belligerent
Forces: Towards a Code of Conduct.” Humanitarian Exchange, Number 26.
ODI (March 2004).
[44]
Lewicki,
Roy J, David M. Saunders and John W. Minton. Essentials of Negotiation.
Second Ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin, 2001.
[45]
Mancini-Griffoli,
Deborah and André Picot. Humanitarian Negotiation: A Handbook for Securing
Access, Assistance and Protection for Civilians in Armed Conflict. Centre
for Humanitarian Dialogue, 8 December 2004.
http://www.hdcentre.org/datastore/hnn/HMNprels.pdf
[46]
Overseas
Development Institute - Humanitarian Policy Group. “Suggested Contents for a
Manual on Engagement with Armed Groups.” London: ODI: 22 June 2001.
[47]
Paffenholz,
Thania. “How to make humanitarian negotiations more effective by taking into
account the conflict and peace context and thinking in processes rather than in
single negotiation events.” Geneva: Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue, May 2003.
[48]
Raiffa,
Howard with John Richardson and David Metcalfe. Negotiation Analysis: The
Science and Art of Collaborative Decision Making. Cambridge, MA: Harvard
University Press, 2002.
[49]
Slim,
Hugo. Marketing Humanitarian Space: Argument and Method in Humanitarian
Persuasion. Background Document for the hnn Annual Meeting, 12-14 May 2003.
Geneva: Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue, 2003.
Negotiations
on Particular Issues
[50]
World
Food Programme (WFP). Review of WFP Experience in Securing Humanitarian Access:
Compilation of Past Practice. World Food Program, 22 November 2000.
[51]
Toole,
Daniel. Negotiation of Humanitarian Access and Assistance: Observations from
Recent Experience [draft]. Cambridge, MA: Program on Humanitarian
Policy and Conflict Research, Harvard University, January 2001.
http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/hpcr/HumanitarianNegotiation_Toole.pdf
Sample Ground Rules Agreements between Humanitarian
Organizations
[52]
United
Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). Ground
Rules Paper. New York: OCHA. 2000.
Sample Written Agreements between Humanitarian
Organizations and Armed Groups
[53]
United
Nations. Principles of Engagement for Emergency Humanitarian Assistance in
the Democratic Republic of Congo. United Nations, 1998.
http://www.db.idpproject.org/Sites/idpSurvey.nsf/wViewCountries/32F9B0B1F2815734C1256835003D235C
[54]
Government
of the Republic of Sudan. Protocol on the Establishment of Humanitarian
Assistance in Darfur. Done in N’djamena.
8 April 2004.
http://www.iss.co.za/AF/profiles/Sudan/humanprot.pdf
[55]
SPLM/OLS Agreement on Ground Rules; in Bradbury, Mark, Nicholas Leader and Kate
Mackintosh. The ‘Agreement on Ground Rules’ in South Sudan [Study 3 in:
The Politics of Principle: the principles of humanitarian action in practice]
HPG Report 4. London: Overseas Development Institute-HPG, March 2000.
www.odi.org.uk/hpg/papers/hpgreport4.pdf (Appendix
2)
Agreements
between Governments, Humanitarian Organizations and Armed Groups
[56] Government of Sudan. Memorandum of Understanding between The Government of Sudan, the Sudan Peoples Liberation Movement and the United Nations Regarding United Nations Mine Action Support to Sudan. Geneva. 19 September 2002.
Breakdown of Relevant Documents by Country
Afghanistan
[57]
Donini,
Antonio. Negotiating Humanitarian Access. Experience from Taliban
Afghanistan. hnn Case Study. Geneva: Centre for Humanitarian
Dialogue, n.d.
Angola
[58]
Costy,
Alex. Managing the Compromise: Humanitarian Negotiations in Angola, 1998-2001.
Geneva: Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue, January 2002.
[59]
Lanzer,
Toby, The UN Department of Humanitarian Affairs in
[60]
Operational Criteria for the Implementation
of Humanitarian Assistance Programs in Angola. February 1999.
[61]
Richardson,
Anna. “Negotiation Humanitarian Access in Angola: 1990 – 2000.” New Issues in Refugee Research, #18.
Geneva: UNHCR, June 2000.
http://www.jha.ac/articles/u018.htm
Bosnia
[62]
Cutts,
Mark. “The humanitarian Operation in Bosnia, 1992-95: Dilemmas of Negotiating
Humanitarian Access”. Working Paper # 8. New Issues in Refugee Research
series. Geneva: UNHCR, May 1999.
http://www.jha.ac/articles/u008.pdf
Burma/Myanmar
[63]
Conciliation
Resources. Engaging Armed Groups in Peace Processes. Joint analysis
workshop report. Sundridge Park, London: Conciliation Resources’ Accord
Programme, 19-22 July 2004.
Burundi
[64]
Conciliation
Resources. Engaging Armed Groups in Peace Processes. Joint analysis
workshop report. Sundridge Park, London: Conciliation Resources’ Accord
Programme, 19-22 July 2004.
http://www.c-r.org/accord/ansa/index.shtml
Colombia
[65]
Centre
for Humanitarian Dialogue (CHD). Humanitarian Engagement with Armed Groups: Colombian
Paramilitary. Geneva: Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue, October 2002.
Democratic Republic of Congo
[66]
United
Nations. Principles of Engagement for Emergency Humanitarian Assistance in
the Democratic Republic of Congo. United Nations, 1998.
http://www.db.idpproject.org/Sites/idpSurvey.nsf/wViewCountries/32F9B0B1F2815734C1256835003D235C
Liberia
[67]
United
Nations. Humanitarian Assistance in Liberia: Principles and Protocols for
Operation. United Nations, 1995.
http://coe-dmha.org/Unicef/HPT_Session8Handout8_3.htm
Sierra Leone
[68] Sierra Leone Development Assistance Coordination Office (DACO). Code of Conduct for Humanitarian Agencies in Sierra Leone. 21 November 1998.
Sri Lanka
[69]
Conciliation
Resources. Engaging Armed Groups in Peace Processes. Joint analysis
workshop report. Sundridge Park, London: Conciliation Resources’ Accord
Programme, 19-22 July 2004.
http://www.c-r.org/accord/ansa/index.shtml
Sudan
[70]
Government
of the Republic of Sudan. Protocol on the Establishment of Humanitarian
Assistance in Darfur. Done in N’djamena.
8 April 2004.
http://www.iss.co.za/AF/profiles/Sudan/humanprot.pdf
[71]
United
Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). UNICEF Sudan and Operation Lifeline Sudan:
Experiences of Engagement with Non-State Entities. UNICEF. [undated]
Tajikistan
[72]
Centre
for Humanitarian Dialogue (CHD). Humanitarian Engagement with Armed Groups:
The Central Asian Islamic Opposition Groups. CHD Case Study Volume 1 No. 1.
Geneva: Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue, February 2003.
http://www.hdcentre.org/datastore/files/Asianmovements.pdf
Turkmenistan
[73]
Jamal,
Arafat. "Access to safety? Negotiating Protection in a Central Asian
Emergency." Working Paper No. 17, in New Issues in Refugee Research.
Geneva: Evaluation and Policy Analysis Unit, UNHCR, 2000.
http://www.jha.ac/articles/u017.htm
Uganda
[74]
Conciliation
Resources. Engaging Armed Groups in Peace Processes. Joint analysis
workshop report. Sundridge Park, London: Conciliation Resources’ Accord
Programme, 19-22 July 2004.
http://www.c-r.org/accord/ansa/index.shtml
Uzbekistan
[75]
Centre
for Humanitarian Dialogue (CHD). Humanitarian Engagement with Armed Groups:
The Central Asian Islamic Opposition Groups. CHD Case Study Volume 1 No. 1.
Geneva: Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue, February 2003.
http://www.hdcentre.org/datastore/files/Asianmovements.pdf
Additional Resources available from the Reliefweb and IASC websites